Низовцев Юрий Михайлович : другие произведения.

Science and religion's assessment of the phenomenon of the "end of the world" (civilization)

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  • Аннотация:
    In essence, science and the main religious confessions cannot provide convincing arguments about the possibility of the eternal existence of the current civilization, and some currents of religious thought are inclined to the idea of the recurrence of these civilizations, which in itself cannot but lead to considerations about the meaning of the existence both the current civilization and civilizations like ours.
  
  
  Keywords: person, reason, civilization, time, development, religion, science.
  
  The Idea that development of a civilization has to go continuously, progressively, seizing all new and new territories, mastering unknown nowadays spaces, is dominating in science. All the time being improved technologies have to conduct to distribution of civilizations upon the Galaxy, to emergence of super civilizations, whose actions are being detected upon the huge astro engineering constructions created by them, the transmission of powerful electromagnetic signals in the entire Universe, the movement of the stars, the organization of their collisions, etc.
  K. E. Tsiolkovsky, I. S. Shklovsky tried to prove the similar idea, Stanislav Lem and many others were developing this idea.
  Let's note that approach of this sort is very pretentious in the aspiration to replace God with omnipotent mankind in the Universe.
  However, supercivilizations and like them are not observed neither with Earth nor out of near space.
  The following conclusions were drawn from this:
  - not enough observation data;
  - the theory is incorrect;
  - the theory is right, but extraterrestrial civilizations are not present in general, and our civilization is unique and single, at least, in our Galaxy.
  The last conclusion was drawn at first by M. Hart [1], then by I. S. Shklovsky [2].
  It is possible to comment these conclusions as follows.
  On the first and last conclusions we will tell: now data of astronomers out of supervision of development of star systems quite authentically show existence of a set of planets, similar to Earth and at the same time show lack of products of activity of advanced civilizations in the foreseeable space.
  As for the second conclusion, below we will show weakness of the theory about the boundless development of reasonable civilizations.
  There is also an idea about fast destruction of technological civilizations from environmental contamination, nuclear wars and all similar, caused by development of technologies. Fast disappearance of civilizations do not allow for them to begin a conquest of the Universe by them. As the example, sometimes give the destruction of "antediluvian" civilization on border of the tenth millennium B.C. on Earth. Plato wrote about it, the bible and eposes of other people of the world have indicated to this fact.
  The indirect confirmation of this transience of existence of civilizations is detection by astronomers of planets similar to the Earth, suitable for formation on them of life even more so organic matters were found in space, on asteroids, other planets. However, civilizations, probably, existing on them, are not being revealed itself [3].
  Let's list the possible causes of destruction of a civilization presented by various researchers and predictors:
  - global war, nuclear or biological;
  - pandemic caused by genetic diseases, viruses, etc.;
  - hunger bound to an overpopulation;
  - ecological disaster;
  - catastrophic climatic changes;
  - atmosphere structural change;
  - change of a geomagnetic situation;
  - change of system of rotation of the Earth;
  - global earthquakes and eruptions of volcanoes;
  - falling asteroid;
  - change of solar activity;
  - influence of space radiation.
  It is visible from this list that the majority of the given reasons is not bound to deep changes during development of a civilization and they can be attributed more likely to external and even to outsider factors.
  It is possible to note still the theorem of a doomsday. It predicts a future tense of existence of the human race, proceeding only from an assessment of number of people which lived till this moment. The theorem proceeds from the assumption that people living now are in a casual place of all chronology of human history, and chances of presence us in the middle of this chronological scale are great. In an apparent form this reasoning was offered for the first time by astrophysicist Brandon Carter in 1983. In compliance with the formula deduced by Carter the mankind has to disappear within 9120 years [4]. As seen upon the approach, this theorem is very problematic by a technique of definition of time of the doomsday.
  However, the crash of a civilization, more precisely, time of its disappearance as well as the mechanism of its disintegration can be considered otherwise.
  Having turned the look to the universe known to us, we will see that it is constructed at work of particular coupled systems, or on action of gradually changing communities which arise and disappear all the time, - from communities in the form of galaxies and star systems till communities in the form of crystalline structures or fungi.
  As well communities of more high level - the civilizations of alive and reasonable individuals - are changing: they are arising, developing till the particular moment, and then they are decaying. The question consists only in the speed of this process which in comparison with the speed of changes of galaxies or crystals is much higher owing to larger complexity and dynamism of this system of living individuals among macro systems.
  Some researches were devoted to a subject of condensing of time periods between critical events up to a final point. This approach is based on concept of the singularity, used John von Neumann in the middle of XX century. The singularity, if not to mean its astrophysical comprehension, represents a point behind which extrapolation starts giving senseless results.
  The historian I. M. Diakonoff paid attention in 1994 to a singularity point, or the limit point on a time axis where historical cycles are reduced which are shrink in compliance with the law of the regressions: "There is no doubt that historical process shows signs of natural exponential acceleration. From emergence of Homo sapiens until the end of the I phase passed not less than 30 thousand years, II phase lasted about 7 thousand years, III phase - about 2 thousand years, IV phase - about 1.5 thousand, V phase - about one thousand years, VI - about 300, VII phase - a little more than 100 years, duration of VIII phase while it is impossible to determine. Put on the schedule these phases are combined in exponential development which assumes eventually transition to the vertical line or more truly, to the point of so-called singularity. Scientific and technical achievements of mankind were being developed also according to the exponential schedule likewise ..." [5].
  Diakonoff's schedule may be completed up to the vertical line. In this case, the point of singularity will lie for 2022.
  Definition of a technological singularity appeared after Diakonoff's works: the technological singularity is the hypothetical moment after which the technical progress becomes such fast and complex that it will be inaccessible to comprehension. The technological singularity as a result of development of nanotechnologies was considered in the report of 2007 of the Commission on economic policy of the Congress of the USA, as start date of a singularity was called 2020, according to another prognosis - 2030. Basic idea of this conclusion is the corollary from the law of Moore (an empirical conclusion from the observed speed of development of technologies): somewhere between 2025 and 2035 the computing power of separate computers will be made even to the "crude" computing power of a human brain, and then and will surpass it.
  The given dates are close to each other and they also are close to the present time. The question is only in the interpretation of the specified process, i.e. what will happen in the singularity point with the world civilization.
  The approaching informational collapse is confirmation of that the era of fundamental changes in the civilization development approaches with an approximation of the point of the singularity.
  The informational collapse is defined as the condition of the network information space menacing to its stability and normal functioning. The informational collapse is characterized by fall off of the capacity of communication channels and arises at a situation when existing technologies are not able to transfer growing volumes of traffic.
  The beginning of the informational collapse manifests in constant increase in speed of emergence of new information and accumulation of this information in the Internet. Acquaintance with the avalanche flow of information becomes more and more difficult and even more difficult becomes thereof its adequate use because the filtration of the information, as a rule, for doubtful criteria becomes actually by the single method of ordering of information. This process conducts to fast loss by society of perspective reference points of development, to replacement of the true purposes by corporate purposes, to bamboozle of an overwhelming majority of Internet users.
  As a rule, a point of a singularity interpreted as transition to the new, improved condition. However, this point can be a bifurcation point, with possibility of transition to a condition of another type of a civilization, if available type of a civilization cannot exist, for example, it can be transition in a condition of an ecological civilization at refusal of the majority of the technologies applied earlier or it can be transition to a condition of the complete disintegration of a civilization.
  Any of these transitions does not cause optimism since and in one and in the other case the present civilization will stop the existence.
  In the first case the transition leads to the compelled global transformation which is bordered by accident: the mankind should refuse the comfortable existence provided with technical achievements which is not being combined with harmonious existence with the planetary nature. Will have to switch from the destruction of nature with the poisoning of the environment to interact with it and preserve not so much itself, as much as her, switch to the use of renewable natural resources. This will reduce significantly, in particular, energy resources and food resources. This process will involve automatically essential reduction of the population, structural change of management by society. In particular, it is necessary to be refused the state control system and to pass to hierarchical system of self-governing communities. There are, of course, variants, but an ecological civilization has nothing to do with capitalism nor socialism nor democracy.
  In the second case, owing to loss of management and occurrence of general chaos, will collapse communication systems, energy supply, water supply; the transport will stop, the need in money, and, means and in a bank-financial system will disappear, collisions will begin, the cities will collapse, there will be epidemics; technologies, cultural values will be lost until writing system. The civilization will disappear as such, and her survivors will fall into wildness. Variants can be different, but the scenario is unlikely to be different from this.
  At the same time the idea of futurologists that the point of a technological singularity means hypothetical explosion-like growth of rate of scientific and technical progress, allegedly following out of creation of an artificial intelligence and self-replicating machines, integration of the person with computers, or the significant increase in opportunities of a human brain due to biotechnologies, is being represented more than fantastic because of extreme proximity of the point of a singularity. Moreover, it is not observed while anything from predicted by futurologists. On the contrary, a gap between the ordinary population and its highest layers goes deep more and more. Highest layers of society are being decayed, more and more depriving overwhelming part of the population even necessary. These layers are being transformed from people into beings for the consumption, indifferent to everything, except itself, completely losing opportunity for development.
  Anyway, but the internal logic of process of disintegration of a civilization, in our opinion, can be interpreted and added as follows.
  A number of scientific researches allow us to approach to the disintegration of civilization as the demolition of the complex non-linear system, what is happening with the occurrence of certain conditions.
  In particular, Jay Forrester in the theory of the complex systems describes functioning of the complex systems as follows.
  In his opinion, "the complex system" means multilink structure of a big order with a non-linear feed-back. All social systems fall into this class. Like all systems, the complex system is the interdependent structure of feed-back circuits. "Feed-back circuit" is the technical term designating a situation in system for any moment of decision-making. The decision defines the sequence of actions which change a condition of surrounding system and cause a new flow of information on which the new decision is based. Such shaped chain structure is peculiar to all types of decisions, public or individual, conscious or unconscious. Processes, which are inherent in the human body and nature, managed by the laws which are explored by the psychology and physics, medicine and engineering, are all within boundaries of this structure. But the complex system has a number of specific features.
  The complex system is a system of a big order. "The order" of system is defined by number of the equations of level (i.e. integrals or statuses) in the system description. Social system, even for very restricted purposes, can be presented as system from tenth up to the 100-th order.
  The complex system is multilink. It contains more than three or four feed-back circuits. Interaction between these line-ups of a feed-back, shift of a dominating role from one line-up to another - this is what largely determines the nature of a complex system. The complex system has chains both positive, and the negative feed-back. The chain of the negative feed-back is most often mentioned in literature according to the theory of systems but only this concept is used exclusively in technical literature. But there is a positive feed-back which predicts all the processes of growth, whether biological or economic. Chains of the negative feed-back are chains of searching the purpose regulating the system in the direction of the certain purpose. Chains of a positive feed-back are chains of deviations from the purpose, exponentially declining system from some point of a labile equilibrium. But nature of positive feedback which determines the positive spiral of the behavior of growth depends not only on structure, but it also depends from the numerous changing factors surrounding this chain. These factors often add up and these factors are operated by other line-ups in system. In process of change of these factors the regenerative characteristics of a positive loop of growth can be suppressed that will lead process to the neutral point separating positive and negative nature of behavior of a feed-back. If a chain is removed by some push in area of the negative feed-back, it starts generating an exponential decay of process in the direction to an initial point from which it was rejected.
  The complex system is non-linear. The modern mathematics deals with almost only with the linear processes. But life and society is almost wholly characterized by non-linear processes. The non-linear interaction in the system allows to dominate for some time to one circuit of the feed-back, but it can cause the shift of this dominant in another part of system where the behavior of system so differs that these two situations seem as not having relations to each other. Iterative restructuring upon nonlinear functional dependencies does the complex system by extremely sensitive to the majority of parameters of system. Such non-linear behavior at the same time does system by resistant to the efforts made with the purpose to change behavior of system.
  The complex systems have characteristics which are generally unknown. The behavior of the complex systems differs strongly from behavior of simple systems.
  The complex systems are: 1) counterintuitive; 2) surprisingly insensitive to changes of many parameters of system; 3) resistant to administrative innovations; 4) the complex systems contain influence points often in unexpected places which are a source of forces, able to change balance in system; 5) the complex systems counteract and compensate exerted externally of efforts by decrease in rate of the corresponding action generated inside system (the correcting program will be amortized strongly so as its considerable efforts are spent for compensation of loss of internal action); the remote (long-term) reaction of the complex systems in the relation to any administrative innovation often is the opposite to immediate (near-term) reaction in the relation to this innovation; 7) the complex systems have a tendency to deterioration of the condition.
  In such situation when casual symptoms are accepted as the reasons, a person directs the efforts to elimination of symptoms, but thus the true reasons remain unaffected. Such action is inefficient, or it leads to situation deterioration. It is possible to tell with big confidence that approach to the solution of problems of the complex social systems, based on our intuition, in most cases leads to mistakes.
  The complex systems resist to the majority of administrative actions. Even in that case when the considerable change is made in the system, her behavior often remains without change. The reason consists in the nature of the complex systems contradicting intuition, and their tolerance to change of parameters. Administrative measures relate to as structure (i.e. the elements chosen as sources of information as well as their use), and system parameters (determining the influence of information and determining the magnitude of its action). The term "administrative innovations" is considered here as a rule, as the formulation of a line of conduct showing how available information leads to a choice of decisions, determines the action. The insensitiveness of the system to change of the majority of its parameters leads to that the system remains insensitive and to the majority of modifications which are being imposed to it by new actions and decisions because these decisions change only extent of influence of the information or the action. The nature of the resistance of social systems is hidden in this. The change of the administrative intervention leads only to the minor change of the majority of levels of the system and the new combination of the information for a decision making is thus formed. New information in combination with new administrative measures yields the results close to the former.
  The complex systems are different high sensitivity to change of only small number of particular parameters and to some structural changes of system. Similar inconsistency in the relation to the situation considered above concerning tolerance of system to parameters really takes place. Any system contains some points and, its behavior is sensitive only to change of these points. The change of the administrative influence in one of such points puts pressure upon all system, and its behavior changes in all directions. These parameters and structural changes, to which the system is sensitive, usually are not self-evident.
  The active correcting programs imposed on the social system, are much less efficient, than it was expected, thanks to that these programs have a tendency to substitute the appropriate internal processes.
  The complex systems have a tendency to quality degradation. The nature of systems contradicting intuition is the reason destroying of drawn-up plans of changes. In addition, the contradiction between short-term and long-term reactions of the system causes carrying out such administrative activities that make the system less satisfactory. For example, particular measures can improve a situation for a year or on two, but at this the stage at which will manifest changes worsen the system parameters, simply shifts into the future. The point is that we first see the positive results of the measures taken, and when the situation deteriorates, we're doubling the initial efforts. Enhancing the impact leads again to short-term improvement, compounding and worsening the long-term effects further. And again, we see, how is inventive the complex system in its ability to mislead us.
  We have an information volume, much more that which we correctly and systematically use. The imperfection of existing theories about the structure of the system is the barrier. Routine forms of accumulation of data will not be able to shed light, to reveal new about details of structure of system.
  Lack of information is not the main obstacle to understanding the dynamics of a complex system. Obstacle is the lack of willingness and ability to organize existing information in a manner that will reflect the structure of the real system and, therefore, will have the basis to behave so as would behave real system. Values of parameters are secondary - first you need to reflect correctly the structure of the system [6, p. 118-125].
  Using Forrester's approach to the complex systems, we will note the following. At an informational collapse which already is beginning to manifest itself, especially in the field of the informational technologies, such complex system as our civilization, begins to lose control, generally owing to the avalanche receipt of the information and lack of its adequate filtration. In this regard the current situation does not provide time correctly to define those few points to which the behavior of a civilization is sensitive, the more that these points even in normal conditions are not self-evident. As a result, the majority of line-ups of a feed-back is being removed in area of the negative feed-back which starts generating an exponential attenuation of process. But nonlinearity of system at attempts to reconstruct it in a worsening situation and to bring to lifting, blocks all efforts made for change of behavior of system. There is no time in a situation of the informational collapse for the exact definition of the reasons of worsening behavior of the system, and the casual symptoms are accepted for them. If the efforts go on the elimination of symptoms, the true reasons remain unaffected. Such action either ineffective or leads to deterioration. Thus, the structure of the real system due to lack of ability to organize incoming avalanche of the information in the form that adequately reflects the structure of the system remains out of undertaken influences.
  Such, in brief, explanation of the process beginning with the destruction of the current civilization as a complex system getting into a situation of information collapse. Any asteroid or a global flood, etc. are not required in order to any technological civilization in these conditions rather quickly stopped the existence.
  It is curious that the same nonlinearities of system leading to disordering, in other conditions can generate an order from chaos of the elementary processes. It follows from the concept of a structural stability entered by Ilya Prigozhin. In this context we can talk about the reaction of the system to emergence of the new units, capable to involve in interaction the various processes in system [7, p. 178].
  Civilizations belong to non-equilibrium and non-linear systems. It means that they can arise and disappear as a result of change of conditions.
  If the process of disappearance of civilizations was clarified to some extent, for emergence of civilizations "the new units, capable to involve in interaction various processes in the system" are required also. These units for civilizations are reasonable individuals, organized in the communities. But the question of the appearance of these reasonable individuals for the evolutionary theory remains open. Until now, this issue was not resolved and it is unlikely to be solved within the framework of the theory of evolution of the biosphere on Earth.
  However, the problem is solved if to take into consideration opportunity of use of symbiosis of the biological form adapted for terrestrial conditions with the appropriate program put in it, and particle of Supreme Mind which controls by a biological form through this program. This symbiosis gives a person who possesses consciousness.
  If we return to inevitable crash of a civilization, there, along with the "technical" reasons of its disintegration, the psychological reasons act also, namely: inability still an undeveloped inner "I" of the person to overcoming logic of the established unfair cruel society. Low level, downtroddenness of consciousness under the influence of external conditions leads people to reconciliation with society, and when enhanced its pressure - to spontaneous aspiration to destroy society together with itself or to go to the world of illusions which provides them Internet. All this in return cannot but promote to the system disorder.
  Russian philosopher N. A. Berdyaev well understood this: "The truth is replaced more and more by advantage and interest, by will to mighty. Dislike for the truth is defined not only the nihilistic or skeptical attitude towards it, but also by substitution of it by any belief and the dogmatic doctrine for the sake of which some false is allowed, and it is considered not as the evil, and as the benefit, ... Power of a technology has another consequence, very difficult for a person to whom the human soul is not enough adapted ...A terrible time acceleration occurs, speed, beyond which a person can't keep up. No single moment does not become self-valuable it is only means for subsequent moments. The incredible activity is required of a person from which he cannot recover. But these active minutes make a person by passive. He becomes as means of the extra-human process, he is only a function of the production process. The activity of the human spirit is weakened. Any person is estimated as utilitarian, upon his efficiency. This is the alienation of the human nature and the human destruction ... In the conditions of our world, in our time and space, cannot think of the final victory of Spirit over Caesar. There is a constant self-alienation of Spirit into the object world and the Spirit must continually be returned into own depth ... The visible world is not imposed to us and compelling us the reality, it is addressed to liberty of spirit. At this all created by a free spirit is the most real. "[8].
  Thus, the consciousness more and more lags behind technological development, thereby a person as the conscious and creating subject, stops in development, "getting stuck" on the consumption of electronic and informational novelties of the civilization devouring all his free time.
  Except the specified "technical" and psychological reasons of the near disintegration of the present civilization there is the reason related to the arrangement of social relations. Capitalism winning all of their competitors reigns now. That he now carries in himself and whether it can at least temporarily suspend the decay of civilization?
  We shall give here the assessment of the modern capitalism by a number of known philosophers, psychologists and economists.
  The real aim of the capitalist system is self-reproduction of capital through its continuous circular flow; the main thing in capitalism - the circulation of capital leading itself in motion. Capital should increase by means of obtaining percent from it (rate of return). Movement of the capital stands behind all progress and behind all accidents in real life. Capital begets violence against ordinary people, who are involved in the orbit of its interests. This violence is anonymous, systemic, abstract and objective. Capitalism has no rivals in its ability to produce wealth (socialism did not last even 100 years compared with capitalism, whose age is not less than 500 years). Wealth is considered the basis of life; high culture and great civilizations have been growing only in affluent communities. Poorest members of society ultimately receive from big common wealth too; efficient production generates progressive institutions and social progress. Existence of capitalism is justified by that fact. It possesses by one more property - absence of ideology. Existential advantage of capitalism consists in it. Absence of ideology and any apparent cognitive coordinates generates property of amazing adaptability of capitalism to any civilizations. Capitalism allows people to build the society which is pleasant to them. It can exist in the conditions of democracy of Europe and North America, within fundamentalist modes of Iran and the countries of North Africa, dictatorships of the states of Latin America, authoritative board in Turkey, the state capitalism of China and Russia. Capitalism is a globality and truth without value. Complication in modern society of dialectic of private and public leads to increase of individual and group selfishness, indifference to other people's problems, cruelty in settling of the interests. Thus, we can say that modern global capitalism is characterized by high harshness of logic of capital. The substitution effect of a global protest by the local protests promotes capitalism preservation because the system (whole) remains, and are destroyed only its separate elements (parts). Therefore, the continuous local protests are becoming a form of existence of global capitalism. Total action of a substitution effect leads to inefficiency of practically all types of an anti-capitalist protest. Change of the owner becomes the main result of all protests only. Change of the owner without change of the system is a priori senseless. In this point capitalism shows the impregnability. [9, p. 187, 149, 189, 205, 110, 152].
  The effect of senselessness of protests arises. According to E. Fromm, the phenomenon of alienation conducts to loss of sense of protests. This factor in turn generates paralysis of will and creative abilities of participants of a protest. As a result, a society is being filled with the indifferent people not capable to active the actions [10].
  This tendency is aggravated with scientific and technical progress. J. Kretbri in the research asked a question: whether do progress and development of technologies of people is cleverer and more perfect? It appeared, that everything is on the contrary. The matter is that progress changed a person at neurological level. Evolution has led to the fact that we react more quickly to external stimuli, we lighter withstand stress and dealing with other people, but thus a person has lost the ability to stay focused on the job long. In addition, in an environment where information is available everywhere and always, people unlearnt to remember it well. If earlier any serious mistake of ta person brought to him the death, today the manager with the Wall Street, who made the error, receives for it the generous bonus or the quite good severance pay often. Thus, more comfortable life led to loss by a person of concentration and responsibility. Loss of these qualities conducts to the fact that people cannot long concentrate on protest actions and they are growing cold to them quickly [11].
  According to C. G. Jung, loss of sense and paralysis of will generate compensatory effects in mentality of the person, bound to spontaneous penetration into his consciousness out of depths of a subconscious mind of negative and destructive collective archetypes; the majority of them are caused by primitive instincts, violence and cruelty [12, p. 42-43].
  Political rationality and dispassion of the capitalist system generates its antipode - senseless violence. In fact, a person stands in front of a binary choice - either to accept the existing rules of the game, or to exercise (self-) destructive violence, and violence without agenda, program and ideology. In this case, violence is transformed into the single form of a protest in the rational world, the protest for the sake of protest. Violence is the psychological discharge, having a value in itself. The purpose of this revolt becomes purely existential - a subjective statement about objective conditions of life. We can say that the spontaneous violence is a sign of systemic powerlessness of the person [9, p. 110, 117, 121].
  The same, but with another emphasis said F. Fukuyama: capitalism is the most perfect form of the economic beingness; all attempts to rebel against it will lead only to situation deterioration. Fukuyama called this situation as "the end of history" [13].
  This brief review of main features of the existing capitalism to date leads to the conclusion about the global transfer them of false values in the values that definite life. Thus, a kind of the cancer tumor is being formed which erodes a person and his civilization rapidly.
  The spirit living in each person, and the malicious illusion producing every day by capitalism, cannot coexist for a long time. Independent activity of the human being gradually stops, and disappears together with it the base for the development of the spirit. The automatic aspiration of capitalism to conversion of each person in the condition of the animal, chewing cud given to him, means the deadlock and the civilization disintegration.
  Thus, cumulative action of three deep factors designated above lead to process of withdrawal of a person - the main engine of a civilization - out of the civilization mechanism, and it stops.
  The fact of the inevitable destruction of Earth's civilization, with its complete disappearance or flowing into savagery, if we consider it as part of the materialist conception, leads to the only possible conclusion: all the cultural and technological advances should completely disappear.
  Thus, the existence of the human civilization and the entire human race loses its meaning. For what to live to mankind if all acquired by it for thousands years vanish eventually?
  World religions relate to a doomsday a little differently. They recognize this process as the necessary and the natural, but they dissaccord on nature of this process.
  "Mahabharata" describes the end of the world (pralaya) as a war to rid Earth of its inhabitants, whose number is constantly growing, with further subsequent emergence of a new world. Separate life of the certain person - as a spark on a wind of change. Everyone strives for a brief moment of its existence, not only to survive but also to develop, to comprehend what is happening to him and the world around him. This is an unsolvable problem for reason in the ultimate life, but for infinite soul which can infinitely absorb information and experience different worlds, such problem is not present. Transition of the soul into another world is painful if it lives in a person whose animal instincts are crushing it by fear of death.
  Soul, awakened in a person, is not afraid of death so as for her the death is not present. A person, having the awakened soul, starts appreciating only one - the experience, knowledge which it acquires in life, and then his life is filled with joyful serenity. For, whatever happens in life - everything is transitory, because ahead of - death. Like this, the common doomsday in "Upanishads" is more likely the physical phenomenon, instead of an apocalypse. Although natural disasters have shown that the whole world may perish, and the social world, the world of the struggle for existence was being broken up into the eyes of the ancient inhabitants of India, and all this have indicated his extremity, temporariness, and hence the apparent lack of meaning in this existence, Hinduism has considered that the experience gained remains timeless, knowledge about life remain, and they are passed on and on together with the movement of eternal soul.
  Buddhism, like Hinduism, does not recognize of end of the world as the single and the final. The assumption of an extremity of existence contradicts to the main postulates of the doctrine of Buddha that speak of eternity and infinity of the beingness. Larger Kalpa comes to the end, however after some term the Universe starts "unfold" again - the cycle repeats. Therefore, according to Buddha, Sansara (a wheel of regenerations) never began and will never end.
  Kabbalah builds understanding of the end of the world from the idea and purpose of creation. Kabbalah understands the end of the world, as transition of the nature on the step of development - the final condition of the whole universe when the lowest point of Creation reaches the same condition what the highest form. Judaism recognizes for coming of the Messiah just such a situation, during which will be implemented the ancient prophecies of the Hebrew prophets - in particular, universal, eternal peace is being established throughout the world, will disappear evil, crime.
  With regard to the Christian religion, the events associated with the end of the world (Armageddon), are described in "Revelation" of John, where the Second Coming of Christ to judge the world will be visible to all people on Earth, "... and every eye will see Him." Jesus Christ and the apostles indicated some signs of the end of the world: the emergence of many false Christs (Matthew. 24:5, 1 John. 2:18), distribution of preaching the gospel all over the world, to all nations (Matthew. 24:14), impoverishment of faith and love in human (Matthew. 24:12, Luke. 18:8), fear of the scourge that must overtake the earth (Luke. 21:26) and the phenomenon of the wicked, i.e. Antichrist. Before the second coming there will be a revival of the dead in Christ as well as a change the faithful who remained alive. It is considered in some Christian denominations (Baptists, Pentecostals) that there will be an admiration of Church at this time and its meeting with Christ in clouds. The Last Judgement will come. Eternity will come after the trial - blessed in communion with Christ for some and painful - for others.
  According to Islamic teachings, in the end times before the end of the world will be Al-Masih ad-Dajjal (false messiah, Antichrist). Emergence of false messiah will mark those tests which will drop out to people. . Sovereignty ad-Dajjal will last some years, then he will collect huge army under own guidance and will begin war against those who rejected him. Iza will be revealed from heaven at this moment, and will crush Dajjal. Then Iza will unite the world under uniform sovereignty and on the basis of uniform religion of Islam.
  Thus, Judaism, Christianity, Islam the fact of destruction of civilization, or the end of the world leads to deadlock. These religious confessions are talking about the second coming and the transition of the world together with it in a condition of eternal tranquillity. It besides makes as senseless the fact of existence of the world, all its experience and the main thing, the fact of existence of immortal soul which at such approach for one human life has to pass all tests. After death of a body for soul everything comes to an end and she receives further that she deserved. In the same way according to the concept of the specified faiths and for once existing world everything comes to an end.
  The most ancient east religions do not recognize a final doomsday, as well as single-pass test of soul, and they consider this process as the cyclic.
  Common for all religious trends is recognition of the end of this human civilization in the light of a general detach of souls from bodies. Thereby, all of them implicitly confirm the extremity of civilization concerning its final qualitative unsuitability, excepting representations of Judaism.
  The religion gets ahead of the science in this thesis, being wiser than it, since the science, recognizing the inevitable an end of the world can nothing offer in return except the eternal non-being. These underlying causes of relatively brief existence of our technological civilization naturally can disseminate on civilizations of other planets as well as civilizations that previously existed on Earth, not excluding, of course, and any external catastrophic changes.
  In connection with what has been stated above, the particular importance acquires proofs of existence in the past, during hundred million years on Earth of the civilizations similar to the present civilization. If they were and disappeared, it indicates not only their extremity but also sets the direction of finding meaning that is embedded in their existence, and hence - meaning of the present civilization.
  
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  4. Brandon Carter (1983). "The anthropic principle and its implications for biological evolution". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A310: 347-363.
  5. Diakonoff I.M. The paths of history. From early human up to the present day. KomKniga. Moscow. 2007.
  6. Jay Forrester. Dynamics of development of the city. M. "Progress". 1974.
  7. Ilya Prigogine, Isabelle Stengers. Order out of chaos. Moscow. URSS. 2003.
  8 Berdyaev A.S. The Kingdom of the spirit and the Kingdom of Caesar. M. The Republic, 1995.
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  13. Francis Fukuyama. The End of History and the Last Man. Free Press, 1992. ISBN 0-02-910975-2.
  
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