The article is dedicated to the ideas of Nikola Tesla. The idea of wireless power transmission is considered. Studied quotes dialogs. Dan excursion into modern electrodynamics. It is concluded that the "Tesla currents" are identical to the Maxwell "bias currents". It has been proposed to use "bias currents" for the transfer of energy and information.
Tesla, the forgotten law?
Introduction.
In the courtyard of the 21st century, it is also called the information age. But the further development of information wireless telecommunication communication systems is hampered by the so-called "frequency hunger". Unfortunately, all radio frequencies suitable for broadcasting are already allocated, but there are no new ones and it is not to be expected, but this is still half the problem. A huge problem in the development of wireless, especially network technologies such as mobile communications, mobile Internet, is the need to install expensive fiber optic or optical transport systems. Especially in sparsely populated and non-electrified territories. Strictly speaking, the main voice and multimedia traffic is moving along these transport networks.
Forgotten technology.
Strange as it may seem, there are now forgotten technologies that may allow completely to abandon fiber-optic communication systems. And the fact that it is possible to remote areas, subject to telephone, not electrified, too, will not be a problem.
Few people know that even Tesla wrote that energy and information can be transmitted not only through the atmosphere, but also through the Earth. So most recently saw the light of the book "Tesla. The legacy of genius. Selected works. M: Eksmo. 2010."
This is a collection of articles by Nikola Tesla, which were published in various magazines during his lifetime.
In this book there are articles in which Tesla describes in general terms both a method of transmitting energy through the atmosphere and through the Earth. And when it comes to the transfer of energy through the Earth, everything is quite clear and simple.
Here are some quotes from this book:
1. "In order to get the most satisfactory results (automatic signal transmission over the Earth), it is necessary to resort to LOW FREQUENCY electrical oscillations!"
[Wireless telegraphy secret settings. Errors in the research of Hertz. Receiver amazing sensitivity].
2. "... with a length of 1 MHZ (300 m) about economical transfer of energy and speech is not a question, since the losses are very high. When using waves of 50 KHz (6000 m), the losses become completely insignificant, and in this successful confluence circumstances is the future of wireless power transmission "... [ed. energy transfer through the earth]
[The disturbing effects of solar radiation on wireless transmission "." The Electrical Rewiew and Western Electrician "July 6, 1912.]
3. "When oscillations occur in a circuit connected to the Earth and an aboveground capacitance, this causes two independent and different effects: GERTS WAVES are radiated perpendicularly to the conductor symmetry axis, and at the same time THROUGH THE GROUND IS PASSED CURRENT!" ...
[Influence of atmospheric noise on wireless transmission]
4. "In order to achieve the best results, it is necessary that the length of each current circuit or wire, from ground to the top, be equal to one quarter of the wavelength, electrical oscillations in the wire, or equal to this length multiplied by an odd number.
[Wireless telegraphy secret settings. Errors in the research of Hertz. Receiver amazing sensitivity].
And we are talking about the distribution in the surface layers of the earth.
5. "For example, the current from the transmitter located on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean will cross the ocean, that is, a distance of 4800 km in less than 0.006 seconds with an average speed of 800,000 km / s. If the signal was transmitted using Hertz waves , it would take 0.016 seconds. "
[The disturbing effects of solar radiation on wireless transmission "." The Electrical Rewiew and Western Electrician "July 6, 1912.]
Design features.
Here is the very basic scheme. Pic1
[1]
In fact, the Tesla transmitter is a Hertz dipole in a semiconducting medium. A semiconducting medium simultaneously has the properties of both a conductor and a dielectric.Earth is a semiconducting medium. Of course, any expert will say that currents really flow in the earth around a dipole. And that this has long been known, but has no practical value. But not everything is so unambiguous, especially if it is understood that, along with the usual currents, the Hertz transmitter transmits so-called "bias currents" to the semiconducting medium.
Currents bias.
Hertz's dipole can be regarded as a capacitor, the plates of which are rotated 180 degrees. And between the plates there is a certain analogue of the dielectric - a semiconducting medium. The peculiarity of a capacitor is that it does not pass direct current through itself, and easily passes alternating current, and this is despite the presence of a dielectric between the plates. This happens due to the so-called "bias currents" or absorption current [3].
Strictly speaking, the bias current is not an electric current [2], but is measured in the same units as the electric current. Common to conventional conduction currents and bias currents is that the bias currents create a vortex magnetic field around themselves. The bias currents flow in the conductors along which the conduction current flows, but in comparison with the conduction current it is negligible.
Also a feature of these currents, is that the dielectric, or even the vacuum is not permeable to ordinary currents, is "transparent" for them. These currents just have "anomalous superconductivity." That is, Tesla most likely talked about the possibility of transmitting the signal and energy with the help of "bias currents". In this case, most likely, the problem of effective recovery of "bias currents" into "conduction currents" was not solved by them. To confirm this, you can refer to Tesla's conversation with a lawyer [6], in which he is trying to explain the idea of ??the possibility of such a transmission using "bias currents" to a lawyer far from physics.
Tesla and lawyer [4]
Tesla: My point of view, about anomalous conductivity, is confirmed by the mathematical monograph Sommerfeld, *, which shows that my theory is correct and that I was right in my explanations of these phenomena, and that my colleagues were completely misled.
This is the reason why my imitators were wrong when working with high-frequency current. They made alternating current generators with a frequency of 200,000 cycles, implying that they should receive electromagnetic waves; 90% in electromagnetic waves and the rest - in the form of current ("mixing currents. Avt)
I used only a low frequency and produced 90% in the form of a current ("mixing current. Avt.) And only 10% in the form of electromagnetic waves, which disappeared irrevocably, which is why I received such results ...
Tesla: You see, the device I developed was adapted to produce a huge potential difference and current ("mixing currents. Avt) in the antenna circuit. These requirements must always be met, regardless of whether you transmit energy in the form of current through a wire ( There are really "currents of mixing" in ordinary conductor but there are very few of them (auto) or as electromagnetic waves. You want to get a high voltage current and you also want to sum the oscillation energy, and you can also adjust this oscillation energy.
Tesla: With an adequate design and conscious choice of wavelengths, you can get, for example, 5% in these electromagnetic waves and 95% in the current ("mixing current.auto) that passes through the earth. This is what I do.
Tesla: Or you can get, like these radio men, - 95% in the energy of electromagnetic waves and only 5% in the energy of the current ("bias currents". Avt). as do Marconi, Popov and others.
Tesla: The device is suitable for both one and for another method. I do not produce radiation in my system; I suppress electromagnetic waves. In my system, you have to get rid of the idea of ??radiation, that energy is radiated.
Tesla: No radiation; energy saved [4].
More puzzles.
There is another opinion, according to the context, about the "conduction currents" emitted by the Hertz dipole into a semiconducting medium:
"Such a task, for example, is the problem of the propagation of electromagnetic waves by a Hertz dipole placed in a semiconducting medium. The Hertz dipole, i.e. a dipole with lumped parameters known, placed in a semiconducting medium, whose parameters are also known, emits a current of known magnitude The frequency of which is also known. It is necessary to determine the current density in the medium at a given point in space. This task is completely physically defined. Despite the triviality of the formulation and the tempting possibility from the general solution, this As a limiting case, to obtain many particular results -- radiation in an ideal medium in the absence of active conductivity, attenuation of a plane wave in a semiconductor at infinite distances from a dipole, and some others -- the problem of emitting a Hertz dipole in a semiconducting medium has never been solved by anyone, and to solve it invariably ended in failure. There are, however, attempts to form a ready-made solution by multiplying two particular solutions - solving the problem of the propagation of a field by a Hertz dipole in an ideal environment and solving a plane wave problem, but this approach is completely incorrect. In fact, this problem cannot be solved on the basis of Maxwell's equations, since it leads to a system of equations that do not have a common solution "[2].
Practice.
If, according to Professor Atsyukovsky, you catch it, we can only empirically determine the density of conduction current around the transmitting dipole. It is clear that in the absence of a normal theory of current spreading around a dipole antenna, to say that these currents propagating around a dipole have no value, there is a myth not confirmed mathematically. Moreover, no one has ever measured the current density around dipoles operating at different frequencies, we do not know what frequency corresponds to which current density. Moreover, we cannot even calculate how far these currents spread. I do not blame anyone for anything, just stating a fact.
So, the question of the practical application of the "conduction currents" emitted by the Hertz dipole into the ground can be considered open.
In any case, studies in the field of "current density" and the magnitude of its distribution around the dipole, as well as experiments on the transfer of energy and information using "bias currents" in a semiconductor medium, no one has conducted. Except Tesla. And this trend is still awaiting its researchers.
Epilogue.
Naturally, if the practice shows efficiency, both information transfer and energy with the help of "currents of displacement" of current, then mobile operators who have adopted this technology will be able to provide a service that is not available to them. Namely, they will be able to transport electricity from the producer to users in different regions of the planet, in any quantity. And in any remote areas of the globe, which, due to remoteness, cannot be electrified in the usual way. And in these areas, not operators will pay electricity producers, and producers themselves will pay mobile operators for delivering electricity to hard-to-reach regions. Further, if the technology turns out to be efficient, then it will be possible to think about the transfer of energy from solar power plants in orbit to the Earth, using bias currents. Fantasy?
Literature
1.Тесла. Наследие гения. Избранные работы. М:. Эксмо.2010.(Раскрытие тайны)
2. "Физические основы электромагнетизма и электромагнитных явлений".В.А.Ацюковский.
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