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Contribution of Moritz Schlick to Logical Empiricism and the Vienna Circle

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  • Аннотация:
    Писал для научной конференции по Венскому кругу (The State of Research on Logical Empiricism: On the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of the Vienna Circle). Написал организатору: artur.koterski@mail.umcs.pl , и на их кафедру: fil-soc@umcs.pl. Нет ответа

   This article examines Moritz Schlick"s contributions to logical empiricism as the founder of the Vienna Circle. It explores key aspects of his philosophical program: the verification principle, critique of metaphysics, empirical foundations of scientific knowledge, and the concept of unified science. Schlick"s work established methodological foundations for modern philosophy of science, while the emigration of Vienna Circle members facilitated the global dissemination of logical empiricism.
   Keywords: Logical empiricism, Vienna Circle, Moritz Schlick, verification principle, philosophy of science.
  
  
   Moritz Schlick (1882-1936), a German philosopher, founded the Vienna Circle (1924-1936), a pivotal hub for logical empiricism. Schlick united scholars, philosophers, and logicians, including Rudolf Carnap, Otto Neurath, and Kurt Gödel, creating an interdisciplinary platform for scientific philosophy. His leadership fostered unified goals: combating metaphysics, promoting empiricism, and advancing logical analysis [Sarkar, 2001].
   Schlick formulated the verification principle, a cornerstone of logical empiricism: "The meaning of a statement lies in the method of its empirical verification." This principle distinguished scientific (verifiable) statements from metaphysical (meaningless) ones. For instance, the claim "God exists" is unverifiable and thus non-scientific [Schlick, 1936: 340-342].
  
   Schlick"s key works include:
  
   1. General Theory of Knowledge (1918): A critique of Kantian apriorism, asserting that knowledge derives from empirical data, not innate categories. Schlick"s "coordination" concept posits scientific concepts as symbols linked to observable facts.
   2. Questions of Ethics (1930): Ethics as a science of behavior, where moral judgments rely on empirical analysis of social norms, rejecting metaphysical notions of good and evil as meaningless outside human practice.
   3. Articles (1926-1936, published posthumously in Gesammelte Aufsätze, 1938): Emphasizing philosophy"s role in logically structuring scientific statements [Haller, 1993: 35-54].
  
   Schlick engaged in debates with Ludwig Wittgenstein, critiquing the "mystical" in the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus and advocating strict empiricism. He supported Neurath"s vision of a "unified science," where disciplines are interconnected via a physicalist language [Schlick, 1936: 352]. Schlick"s anti-metaphysical stance emphasized philosophy"s focus on meaning analysis, influencing Carnap"s logical syntax and "logical construction of the world."
   Following Schlick"s murder by a Nazi sympathizer in 1936, Vienna Circle members emigrated, spreading logical empiricism to the USA and UK. Schlick"s legacy bridged classical positivism and modern philosophy of science [Stadler, 2015: 279-298].
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